Tuesday, January 21, 2020

The Passive Voice Essays -- Research Paper Language Papers

The Passive Voice The English language has two voices--the active and the passive. The active voice and the passive voice differ in that a passive verb phrase has an additional auxiliary BE followed by an EN participle. In a sense, the English passive is "inflexible" when compared to the passive formation of other languages. For example, some languages use word order, verb inflections, and impersonal constructions to form the passive voice. In their book, The Grammar Book: ESL/EFL Teacher's Course, Celce-Murcia and Larson-Freeman demonstrate how the Bantu passive voice differs from the English passive voice. "Kingarwanda, a Bantu language, can make even a locative phrase the subject of the passive as in On the bus was eaten a sandwich by John, which would not be acceptable in English" (221). Furthermore, topicalization is another "grammar issue" which differs from language to language. In the Kingarwanda sentence, On the bus was eaten a sandwich by John, the center of attention or the topic of the sen tence is the phrase On the bus. Since languages have different rules which govern topicalization, several languages may not accept On the bus as the topic of a sentence. In the book, Clear and Coherent Prose, William Vande Kopple discusses topicalization in the English language. Kopple states that the English language uses topicalizers to "fulfill special functions in essays" (41). Several of these functions are: focusing the reader's attention on a specific part of a sentence, expressing given or "old" information at the beginning of a sentence, marking changes in topics, and lastly, setting contrasts between one topic and another (41). Since there are differences in topicalization and the formation of the passive voice, no... ...I must make my students aware of these differences. Moreover, I want my student to understand both the active and the passive voice and be able to choose which voice to use in their writing. Works Cited Aghbar, Ali. The New York Times Editorial Corpus. Alexander, L. G. Longman of English. New York: Longman Inc., 1988. Besnier, N., and Edward Finegan. Language: Its Structure and Use. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1989. Celce-Murcia, M., and Diana Larson-Freeman. The Grammar Book: An ESL/EFL Teacher's Course. Massachusetts: Newbury House Publishers Inc., 1983. Kaplan, J. P. English Grammar: Principles and Facts. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1989. Kopple, William Vande. Clear and Coherent Prose: A Functional Approach. Boston: Scott, Foresman and Company, 1989. Lyles, B. A Basic Grammar of Modern English. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1989.

Monday, January 13, 2020

Coherence in life Essay

However, Fisher points out that we need specific guidance in the form of features that narratives must display (rather than merely the effects they may have) in order to decide â€Å"whether or not they are deserving of our adherence† (1997:315). This is what coherence and fidelity, the two basic principles that define narrative rationality and that embody the concept of good reasons in Fishers paradigm, allow us to do. Ð  narrative may be â€Å"tested† in relation to three types of coherence: structural or argumentative; material; and characterological. Structural coherence relates to internal consistency whether or not the narrative reveals contradictions within itself. Material coherence is Ð ° question of how Ð ° narrative relates to other narratives that cover the same issue and that we are familiar with. More specifically, Ð ° narrative can be tested with respect to the â€Å"facts† it might downplay or ignore the counterarguments it chooses not to engage with, and so forth. Characterological coherence assumes that the reliability of any narrative depends very largely on the credibility of its main characters as well as the characters narrating it. If the decisions and actions associated with Ð ° character change significantly â€Å"in strange ways† (Fisher 1997:316) or contradict each other, we inevitably question the credibility of the character and hence the narrative in question, Fisher indicates that, â€Å"Coherence in life and literature requires that characters behave characteristically. Without this kind of predictability, there is no trust, no rational order, no community† (1997:316) Hence, once we decide that Ð ° given person is trustworthy, honorable, courageous, and so on, we are prepared to â€Å"overlook and forgive many things: factual errors if not too dramatic, lapses m reasoning, and occasional discrepancies. In addition to testing for coherence, we also test narratives for fidelity, Here, the focus is on assessing (Ð °) the elements of Ð ° narrative that may be regarded as its reasons and (b) the values that the narrative promotes. For Fisher good reasons are â€Å"those elements that provide warrants for accepting or adhering to the advice fostered by any form of communication that can be considered rhetorical. Fisher stresses, however, that the concept of good reasons â€Å"does not imply that every element of rhetorical transaction that warrants Ð ° belief, attitude, or action that any ‘good reason’-is as good as any other. It only signifies that whatever is taken as Ð ° basis for adopting Ð ° rhetorical message is inextricably bound to Ð ° value-to Ð ° conception of the good. Assessing the values explicitly or implicitly promoted by Ð ° narrative means asking what effects adhering to it would have on the world, on our ability to maintain our sense of self respect, and on our relationship to others. As Fisher argues, we ultimately have to ask â€Å"even if Ð ° prima facie case has been made or Ð ° burden of proof has been established, are the values fostered by the story those that would constitute an ideal basis for human conduct? † (1997:317) It is this ability to judge narratives on the basis of their moral implications and the values they promote that ultimately guides human behavior and allows communities to gather around Ð ° given narrative or set of narratives. Fisher’s narrative paradigm has two principal strengths in the current context. First, because it privileges moral values, it explains why activist communities can form across boundaries of nation, color, gender, profession, and almost any other division one can think of, without any motivation of personal gain-indeed, often at great personal risk to individual members of the community. Second, the narrative paradigm goes beyond explaining why communities emerge and unite around narratives, It specifically anchors this process in the notions of narrative rationality and good reasons, which imply considerable agency on the part of individuals and communities. As storytellers we do more than â€Å"choose† from prevalent narratives in our own societies If we judge the moral consequences of these narratives negatively, we can look elsewhere for â€Å"better† narratives or even elaborate narratives of our own. This is precisely what communities of activists, including those forming within the professional world of translation, attempt to do-they organize and select narratives on the basis of â€Å"good reasons†, looking beyond the dominant narratives of their cultures, often selecting counter narratives or elaborating new ones. It is worth pointing out that much of the impetus for narrative research in general, including Fisher’s work, comes from Ð ° belief among theorists working in this area that the unexamined assumptions of narratives â€Å"conceal patterns of domination and submission, which exclude the experience of large sectors of society while legitimating and promoting those of the political, economic, and cultural elite. There is also general agreement in the literature that narrative both reproduces the existing power structures and provides Ð ° means of contesting them: If stories can be constructed to wall off the senses to the dilemmas and contradictions of social life, perhaps they also can be presented in ways that open up the mind to creative possibilities developed in ways that provoke intellectual struggle, the resolution of contradiction, and the creation of Ð ° more workable human order. More specifically, narrative theorists acknowledge that undermining existing patterns of domination cannot be achieved with concrete forms of activism alone (such as demonstrations, sit-ins, and civil disobedience) but must involve Ð ° direct challenge to the stories that sustain these patterns. As language mediators, translators and interpreters are uniquely placed to initiate this type of discursive intervention at Ð ° global level. The narrative paradigm, then, and narrative theory more generally offer Ð ° framework that† generates Ð ° sense of what is good as well as what is strictly logical in the stories that people might adopt, explaining how individuals and communities can exercise sufficient agency to imagine that â€Å"another world is possible†, to use the well known slogan of the World Social Forum, serviced by the translators and interpreters in Babels. І suggest we might rewrite this motto in the present context as â€Å"another narrative is possible†.

Saturday, January 4, 2020

Organizational Management and Operations Essay - 1141 Words

Organizational Management and Operations Keith W. Porter CJA/484 Criminal Justice Administration Capstone Jamie Herring May 6, 2012 As of 2008, there are approximately 765,000 personnel employed as sworn officers in local and state law enforcement agencies throughout the United States (BJS, 2011) with an additional 105,000 law enforcement personnel in approximately 65 federal agencies as of 2004 (BJS, 2006). Law Enforcement agencies function at all levels of the government: local, state, and federal with many similarities and differences in their day-to-day operations, each responsible for specific duties and functions. These agencies have the formidable task of protecting the United States from foreign†¦show more content†¦Whether elected to their perspective office, or appointed by the mayor of the municipality, management of most local agencies is the responsibility of a Chief of Police. Along with the sworn officers within their agency, each chief has a staff of support personnel, which may include detectives, correctional personnel, dispatchers, and administrative personnel. Crime Prev ention, community relations, community services, maintaining records, and internal affairs are just some of the support entities that may be found within the local agencies. If the municipality is large enough to support the budgetary requirements, the agency may also employ laboratory and forensic specialists, such as Crime Scene Investigators. State and local agencies differ in respect to the resources they have available to them, their budgetary resources, and jurisdictions. The larger municipalities generally has the budgetary means to provide some of the support staff needed to conduct their investigations and law enforcement activities within their own departments; but the smaller cities, towns, and villages that cannot provide the support services needed can use those of the state agencies. At the state level, the agencies have the jurisdiction to perform law enforcement alongShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Management and Operations1213 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Organizational Management and Operations CJA 484 February 2, 2014 Nicholas Barbella Organizational Management and Operations The subject to describe is policing organizations at various levels. The author will identify, compare, and contrast the policing function at the local, state, and federal organizational levels (CJA/484 – Criminal Justice Administration Capstone). 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Thursday, December 19, 2019

Article Summary of Kreppner - 610 Words

In a longitudinal, correlational study, Kreppner et al. (2007) investigated whether early deprivation causes functional impairment and which features of early deprivation contribute to impairment. Kreppner, et al. (2007) chose four hypotheses derived from the current body of research: first, that the outcome would depend on the post-adoption environment because of its longer duration; second, that biological damage occurs during early deprivation so any resulting impairment would be still present at age 11; third, that deprivation beyond a sensitive period would be the decisive factor as to whether there was impairment at age 11; fourth, that impairment would be due to differences in individual resilience. Kreppner et al. (2007) selected Romanian children adopted into the UK before 43 months of age; of these, 144 were raised in institutions and 21 were family raised–this group was used as a second control group. In addition, 52 children born in the UK but adopted before 6 months of age were also selected. To assess outcome, the children were measured at ages 6 and 11 in 7 areas of functioning. Impairment was defined as falling below the 85th percentile in a given area, except in the domain of autistic features, for which a clinical diagnosis was required. Multiple impairment was defined as falling below the cut-off in two or more of the areas. To validate the outcome measures, parents were surveyed as to the extent that mental health services and special education

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Executive Remuneration Contribution of CEO

Question: Discuss about the Executive Remuneration for Contribution of CEO. Answer: Introduction: Studies conducted by Pash in 2006 found out that the securities exchange paid Ardent Leisure CEO bonuses despite the death of four people at Dreamworld. Ethically, payment of such bonuses when a company is mourning raises eyebrows on the death of the individuals. Board of Management should therefore act with empathy towards the bereaved. Conversely, celebrities are also being paid huge sums of money to perform during sorrowful events such as burial which put them in the lame light as celebrating misfortunes of others. In the corporate world, CEOs are paid huge sums of money compared to other staffs who are the main drivers of such companies (Johnston, 2002). When there ae conferences, top executives pocket huge allowances as the staffs get peanuts. This trend has demoralized the low cadre staff who ensure that targets set by the management are achieved. However, celebrities work as individuals and their remuneration is channeled to them compared to the corporates where total output of the companies is pegged to the whole organization. On the high disparity in remuneration, we can conclude that celebrity CEOs ae paid more compared to their counterparts. Fame comes at a price where they get paid dearly to maintain the brand and fashion. Most of the celebrities are also being hired by the mainstream companies to promote their brands which justify high income of the celebrities. Performance by the celebrities is quite seasonal. In sports, for example, participants do work during certain months of the year or during major competitions and remain free most of the time. This scenario explains why they get the highest compensation upon participation compared to corporate who works throughout. Bibliography James Johnston, 2002,Understanding executive remuneration: the contribution of CEO work histories, Management Research News, Vol. 25, Iss 12 pp. 68 - 73 Pash, Chris, 2016, The CEO, her bonus and the Dreamworld Tragedy, Business Insider Australia, October 28.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

The Thatcher Revolution

Introduction This paper reviews a book titled The Thatcher Revolution: Margaret Thatcher, John Major, Tony Blair, and the Transformation of Modern Britain, 1979-2001 by Earl Aaron Reitan.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on The Thatcher Revolution specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The book, which was published in 1997, examines the domestic policies of Margaret Thatcher and her successors, John Major and Tony Blair and their implications for the British society. In particular, Reitan explores the evolution of the â€Å"New Labor† movement as well as its successes and failures1. This essay will begin with a concise summary of Reitan’s book that highlights its central themes. The next section of the essay will be the critical analysis part, which will illuminate on issues such as the sources of information for the book, how professional it is, and the credibility of the sources used. The critical ana lysis section will also evaluate how readable is the book as well as how well it is written. The final part of the paper will be the conclusion, which will recap the highlighted ideas and state the book’s strengths and weaknesses. Book Summary In The Thatcher Revolution: Margaret Thatcher, John Major, Tony Blair, and the Transformation of Modern Britain, 1979-2001, Reitan chronicles the revolutionary changes that occurred after Margaret Thatcher became Britain’s prime minister in 1979 to Tony Blair’s reign in 2001. In the first four chapters, Reitan recounts in detail the rise and fall of Margaret Thatcher as the British prime minister. The author writes how Thatcher’s talent was identified as a youth in her 20s. At the time, she held the view that no woman would ascend to the position of a prime minister. Her life in politics began in 1961 when she was appointed as an Undersecretary in Harold Macmillan’s government2. Following the 1964 defeat of t he Conservative Party, Thatcher was appointed the spokesperson of the party on matters of housing and land.Advertising Looking for book review on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More She later became the shadowy treasury spokesperson where she opposed the government’s income control policies. Margaret Thatcher first became the Conservative Party’s leader in 1975 before becoming the British Prime Minister in 19793. She served in this position until 1990. Before becoming the Prime Minister, Thatcher was a barrister and a Finchley’s Member of Parliament. Reitan recounts how Thatcher joined Edward Heath’s government in 1970 as the Secretary of State for Education and Science4. In the 1975 Conservative Party elections, Thatcher emerged the winner ahead of Heath. She went on to win the 1979 elections to become Britain’s Prime Minister. Thatcher, inspired by Sir Keith Joseph’s free-market policies, implemented a number of economic and political reforms to reduce unemployment and help Britain recover from the recession. She advocated for financial deregulation, reduced government intervention, privatization of state corporations, and enhanced labor mobility. Because of her inflexible brand of politics, Thatcher became increasingly unpopular during her first term in office. Despite poor domestic ratings, Thatcher was re-elected for a second term in 1982. The author argues that her re-election has everything to do with her stand on the Falklands War5. She was re-elected again in 1987, but resigned from the premiership after losing her seat as the leader of the Conservative Party6.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on The Thatcher Revolution specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In chapter five, Reitan describes Thatcher’s economic reform policies and their impacts on the British economy. He desc ribes how her European and domestic economic policies, including the â€Å"poll tax† led to unemployment, especially for those involved in heavy manufacturing industries such as the iron and steel sector, which were privatized. At the same time, other industries like the National Health Service were nationalized as part of Thatcher’s reforms. The author also recounts how John Major (her successor) and Tony Blair continued Thatcher’s legacy making it a ruling consensus in the 1990s. The author explains how the policies of the Labor Party, under the leadership of Major and Blair, were influenced by Thatcher’s revolution of the 1980s. Earl Reitan reckons that the two leaders abandoned the manifesto of the Labor Party in favor of Thatcher’s revolutionary policies. He claims that both leaders supported Thatcherism during their respective administrations. They promoted privatization, changes to social welfare, and price controls. They were also Euroscept ic and failed to see the problems with the Thatcher revolution. Earl Reitan reevaluates the nature of Thatcher’s revolution as well as its impacts in Britain and Europe during her reign. In sum, the book provides a balanced assessment of the evolution of Thatcherism in the 1980s and its impacts on British politics, governance, and economy.Advertising Looking for book review on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The author examines how a consensus of the leaders in the 1970s gave rise to ‘Thatcherism’, which obliterated the post-World War II political ideologies and shaped the policies of later leaders like John Major and Tony Blair. The book revolves around the Margaret Thatcher and her life in British politics. It provides a detailed background about Thatcher’s political career and traces her policies through successive administrations. Analysis of the Book As already stated, Earl Reitan’s book, The Thatcher Revolution is an evaluation of the economic and political history of Britain from 1979 to 2001. The author’s analysis of this significant historical period is both balanced and factual. He draws from a broad range of sources to support his argument. Memoirs and archived material make the bulk of the sources that Earl Reitan uses in his book. He cites Thatcher’s own views about the 1989 Tailor Report where she says, â€Å"The broad thrust is de vastating criticism of the police. Is that for us to welcome? Surely, we welcome the thoroughness of the report and its recommendations†7. The use of verbatim reports makes the book a credible and reliable reference regarding the British political history. Earl Reitan is a brilliant historian who has a vast experience in British political history. He authored the 1997 masterpiece, Tory Radicalism, where he offers a detailed and insightful analysis of the public policies introduced by Margaret Thatcher and John Major during their respective reigns8. The Thatcher Revolution is a revised version of the Tory Radicalism by the same author. In the new book, Earl Reitan extends his incisive analysis to include Tony Blair’s first administration. The author explores the economic policies of each leader’s administration and identifies their impacts on the British society. Kent, Worcester describes the book as â€Å"a compact and balanced assessment of British political hi story from 1979 to 2001†9. In his book, Reitan relies on his earlier version to expand his argument about the implications of Thatcher’s rule in Europe and Britain. As aforementioned, Earl Reitan consulted a broad range of sources in writing this book. The Ronald Reagan archives are among the most important sources that the author uses because they contain original information about the British history under the revolutionary leaders who served in the Conservative and Labor administrations. The archives contain original (primary) information and thus, they are invaluable sources that the author used in the book. Earl Reitan also uses magazine articles, political biographies, and personal accounts in his analysis. He quotes the Sunday Times and Thatcher’s own writings to describe the Queen’s relationship with the Conservative leaders. Thatcher wrote â€Å"I always found the Queen’s attitude towards the work of the Government absolutely correct†¦ stories of clashes between ‘two powerful women’ were just too good not to make up†10. The author also consulted British historians and American scholars to write this masterpiece. Earl Reitan’s book breaks down the British political history from 1979 to 2001 into twelve chapters that focus on specific aspects of politics. Moreover, the author organizes his ideas in a systematic manner, which allows the reader to comprehend his argument. It also makes the book highly readable. The book begins with a preface that describes the origins of the Thatcher revolution and its impact on British and European politics. The author also informs the reader that the book is an expanded version of an earlier text that also recounts the British history from 1979 to 1997. The preface is followed by an introduction, which provides a background of the British politics after the end of World War II. In the aftermath of World War II, Winston Churchill formed a coalition governm ent comprising of the Liberal, Labor, and Conservative parties ostensibly to complete the war against Japan11. The author traces the evolution of these political parties in the introduction part. He then goes on to detail the British political history in the subsequent chapters. The introduction gives the background to Thatcherism. This allows the reader to understand the key political arrangements and ideologies of the post-war Britain. It enables the reader to understand the fundamental aspects and workings of British politics in the 1970s. The first five chapters of the book explain what Thatcherism was and how it affected Britain. They describe the transformations that the British society underwent under Thatcherism. Earl Reitan summarizes the changes advocated by Thatcher as â€Å"a diminished role for government, fiscal responsibility, reduction in the powers of the unions, free enterprise in a market-driven economy, tough control of crime, and public disorders, tight managem ent of the welfare state, and sturdy British patriotism†12. Thatcher after becoming the British Prime Minister in 1979 was faced with many challenges. According to Kavanagh (1987), economic problems were the most pressing issues at the time13. The country was experiencing stagnated economic growth, high inflation, and increasing unemployment rate. Reitan, in chapter two, explains how Thatcher’s restructuring of the economy helped reduce inflation rate from 10.5% to 5.4% in 198214. However, the privatization of a large number of state-owned firms failed to reverse the high unemployment rate. The book provides details of the British political history in a chronological way, which enhances its readability. It traces Margaret Thatcher’s political career and her roles under Heath’s government. This allows the reader to understand the events that shaped Thatcher’s political ideologies. The author also describes in detail how John Major, Thatcher’s successor, preserved her legacy by continuing with the revolutionary economic reforms. In chapter eleven, Reitan explains how Tony Blair also continued the economic policies of Thatcher, his political mentor. In the last chapter, the author provides an evaluation of Thatcherism. Here, the author assesses the impacts of Thatcher’s economic policies on the country’s politics. He draws evidence from his analysis in the first twelve chapters to present his argument. The chapter also recaps the contents of the entire book. Earl Reitan links Thatcher’s neoliberal economic policies, which favored deregulation and privatization, to the rise of capitalism in Britain. At the center of the economic reforms was the idea of capitalism, which emphasized on limited government involvement in trade15. It is through the author’s evaluation that the reader understands the post-war Consensus, Thatcherism and its impacts, and the continuation of Thatcher’s policies by John Major and Tony Blair. Conclusion One of the major strengths of the book is its presentation of the British political history from 1970 to 2001 in a chronological order. Earl Reitan breaks down this historical period into a series of chapters, which makes it easier for the reader to understand the book’s contents. The author also gives his own evaluation in the last chapter, which illuminates on the key issues covered in the other chapters of the book. The fact that the author relies on an earlier book and other reliable sources of reference also lends the book credibility. However, the book does not adequately show the economic benefits of Thatcherism in Britain. Overall, the book is a good and insightful text on the British political history from 1979 to 2001. Bibliography Kavanagh, Dennis. Thatcherism and British Politics: The End of Consensus? New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. Reitan, Earl. Tory Radicalism: Margaret Thatcher, John Major, and the  Transformati on of Modern Britain, 1979-1997. New York: Rowman Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1997. Reitan, Earl. The Thatcher Revolution: Margaret Thatcher, John Major, Tony Blair, and  the Transformation of Modern Britain: Margaret Thatcher, John Major and Tony Blair. New York: Rowman Littlefield Publishers, 2002. Worcester, Kent. â€Å"Ten Years of Thatcherism.† World Policy Journal 6 (2002): 297-320. Footnotes 1 Earl, Reitan, The Thatcher Revolution: Margaret Thatcher, John Major, Tony Blair, and the Transformation of Modern Britain: Margaret Thatcher, John Major and Tony Blair (New York: Rowman Littlefield Publishers, 2002), 17. 2 Ibid., 24 3 Ibid., 15 4 Ibid., 32 5 Ibid., 89 6 Ibid., 178 7 Ibid., 89 8 Earl, Reitan, Tory Radicalism: Margaret Thatcher, John Major, and the Transformation of Modern Britain, 1979-1997 (New York: Rowman Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1997), 4. 9 Kent, Worcester, â€Å"Ten Years of Thatcherism.† World Policy Journal 6, (2002): 298 10 Ibid., 167 11 Ibid., 56 12 Ibid., 98 13 Dennis, Kavanagh, Thatcherism and British Politics: The End of Consensus? (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987), 77. 14 Reitan, 79 15 Worcester, 299 This book review on The Thatcher Revolution was written and submitted by user Harmony W. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.